From the early 4th century, Christian basilicas, along with their associated catacombs, were used for burial of the dead.īy extension the name was applied to Christian churches which adopted the same basic plan and is used as an architectural term to describe such buildings. In the post Nicene period, basilicas became a standard model for Christian spaces for congregational worship throughout the Mediterranean and Europe. A number of monumental Christian basilicas were constructed during the latter reign of Constantine the Great. In late antiquity, church buildings were typically constructed either as martyria, or with a basilica's architectural plan.
Basilicas were also built in private residences and imperial palaces and were known as "palace basilicas". The basilica was centrally located in every Roman town, usually adjacent to the forum and often opposite a temple in imperial-era forums.
An apse at one end, or less frequently at both ends or on the side, usually contained the raised tribunal occupied by the Roman magistrates. Basilicas are typically rectangular buildings with a central nave flanked by two or more longitudinal aisles, with the roof at two levels, being higher in the centre over the nave to admit a clerestory and lower over the side-aisles. Originally, a basilica was an ancient Roman public building, where courts were held, as well as serving other official and public functions. The building gave its name to the architectural form of the basilica.
The basilica was in the Latin West equivalent to a stoa in the Greek East. In Ancient Roman architecture, a basilica is a large public building with multiple functions, typically built alongside the town's forum. Reconstruction of the basilica at Fano from a description by its architect Vitruvius
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